{"id":371,"date":"2023-01-11T13:46:32","date_gmt":"2023-01-11T13:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pkudsehcp-dev-001.azurewebsites.net\/en-us\/phenylketonuria\/?page_id=371"},"modified":"2024-07-23T15:13:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T15:13:15","slug":"pku-diet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/pku-challenges\/pku-diet\/","title":{"rendered":"PKU Diet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"acf-block-63f64d43a819f\" class=\"hero hero-no-overlay\">\n            <div class=\"hero-background-image hero-background-image-desktop\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/06\/new-pku-internal-hero-2.jpg?v=0.89);\"><\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"hero-background-image hero-background-image-mobile\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/hero-815x800.jpg);\"><\/div>\n    \t<div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-content\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t        <ul class=\"breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t            \t\t\t                                                                        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/pku-challenges\/\">Clinical Consequences<\/a><\/li>\n                            \t\t\t                                                                        <li>PKU Diet<\/li>\n                            \t\t\t            \t\t\t        <\/ul>\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    <h1>The mainstay of<br \/>\nPKU treatment has<br \/>\nbeen a lifelong<br \/>\nPhe-restricted diet<sup>1,2<\/sup>\n<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                <p class=\"inline-buttons\">\n                                                        <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4cf48\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d08f\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)<\/h2>\n<p>Immediately after diagnosis, MNT is initiated to reduce blood Phe concentrations, preventing the development of severe and often irreversible neurological, behavioral, and psychiatric symptoms.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d102\" class=\"block wrapped-content bg-band bg-band-secondary block-zero-bottom block-remove-bottom-padding\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d12e\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 style=\"text-align: center\">What\u2019s on the PKU Phe-restricted Plate?<sup>3,4<\/sup><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n<figure id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d347\">\n    <div class=\"image image-rounded image-align-left\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/05\/pku_diet-1900x1195.png\" alt=\"\" \/>            <\/div>\n    <\/figure>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d579\" class=\"block boxed-content boxed-content-no-bg\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d87d\" class=\"image-text-block content-align-center block-tight-top block-tight-bottom\">\n            <div class=\"image-block small\">\n            <figure>\n                <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/MNT_forPKU.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                <\/div>\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"content-block\">\n                            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff\"><strong>MNT for PKU includes a Phe-restricted diet<\/strong><sup>3,4<\/sup>:<\/h5>\n<ul style=\"color: #ffffff\">\n<li>Avoidance of high-protein foods, such as animal and dairy products, nuts and seeds, legumes and soy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d909\" class=\"image-text-block block-tight-top block-tight-bottom\">\n            <div class=\"image-block small\">\n            <figure>\n                <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/energy.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                <\/div>\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"content-block\">\n                            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff\"><strong>To maintain energy requirements, patients rely on<\/strong><sup>3<\/sup>:<\/h5>\n<ul style=\"color: #ffffff\">\n<li>Foods with naturally low protein content<br \/>\n&#8211; Fruits and vegetables<\/li>\n<li>Modified low-protein foods from specialized manufacturers<br \/>\n&#8211; Breads and pastas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df5efb4d98d\" class=\"image-text-block block-tight-top block-tight-bottom\">\n            <div class=\"image-block small\">\n            <figure>\n                <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/natural_protein.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                <\/div>\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"content-block\">\n                            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff\"><strong>To replace the intake of natural protein, Phe-free protein substitutes or medical foods are an integral part of MNT<\/strong><sup>3<\/sup><strong>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"color: #ffffff\">\n<li>Helps prevent protein deficiency<\/li>\n<li>Ensures the right amount of Phe to function normally, as some Phe is essential<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-668fce36ecd89\" class=\"image-text-block\">\n            <div class=\"image-block small\">\n            <figure>\n                <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/icon_pku.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                <\/div>\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"content-block\">\n                            <h5 style=\"color: #ffffff\"><strong>Individual dietary Phe tolerance is influenced by many factors, most importantly<\/strong><sup>5<\/sup><strong>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"color: #ffffff\">\n<li>Severity of PKU<\/li>\n<li>Target blood Phe concentrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"Food-choices\" class=\"block wrapped-content bg-band block-zero-top block-zero-bottom block-remove-bottom-padding\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df652b2d0dc\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Food choices in a given PKU day<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-667032c95cd4b\" class=\"block boxed-content block-zero-top block-zero-bottom\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"acf-block-667032c95cd70\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h3 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center\">Most patients with classic PKU can only tolerate about 5-10g of natural protein to maintain adequate Phe control.<sup>6<\/sup><\/h3>\n    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"Food-choices\" class=\"block wrapped-content bg-band block-zero-top block-zero-bottom block-remove-top-padding block-remove-bottom-padding\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df652b2d0dc\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <p><!--h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"&gt;<span style=\"background-color: #b50056;color: white;padding: 20px\">Typical natural protein: 10 g\/protein a day<\/span>&lt;\/h3-->\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>To put this into perspective\u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n    <\/div>\n\n<figure id=\"acf-block-65df6c3471d88\">\n    <div class=\"image image-responsive image-rounded image-align-left\">\n                    <div class=\"image-desktop\">\n\t\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/PKU_DSE_Website_infographix_V6_2.2_Protein-Chart-icons-desktp-1900x332.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-mobile\">\n\t\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/PKU_DSE_Website_infographix_V6_2.2_Protein-Chart-icons-Mobile.png?v=0.89\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"88%\" class=\"block wrapped-content bg-band bg-band-secondary block-zero-top block-zero-bottom block-remove-top-padding block-remove-bottom-padding\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<figure id=\"acf-block-65df6c3471e2d\">\n    <div class=\"image image-responsive image-rounded image-align-left\">\n                    <div class=\"image-desktop\">\n\t\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/88_patients.png?v=0.89\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-mobile\">\n\t\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/88_percent_Stacked_Graphic.png?v=0.89\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c3471e64\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c3471e87\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>The challenges of adhering to a Phe-restricted diet<\/h2>\n<p>The healthcare community generally accepts that dietary management adds significant daily burden to patients and caregivers.<sup>9,10<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c34720dd\" class=\"block cards cards-3-col\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c34726b4\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n    \t    \n\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/anxiety_card_icon2.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>        \n\t    <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Social pressures make following the diet difficult<sup>9<\/sup>\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <ul>\n<li>Social isolation and stigmatization<\/li>\n<li>Shame\/embarrassment<\/li>\n<li>Decreased emotional well-being<\/li>\n<li>Guilt if not\/poorly adhering to dietary restrictions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c347272e\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n    \t    \n\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/disordered_eating_icon.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>        \n\t    <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Although studies are limited, adults with PKU can also be prone to disordered eating patterns<sup>3,9<\/sup>\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <ul>\n<li>Preoccupation with food more often than nonadherent patients<\/li>\n<li>Disordered dieting behavior<\/li>\n<li>Body image issues possibly impeding social functioning and physical health<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df6c34727a2\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n    \t    \n\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/checklist_card_icon.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>        \n\t    <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Limited food choices, cost, and time spent managing diet impact adherence<sup>9<\/sup>\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <ul>\n<li>In an online survey of 631 adults with PKU, 86% of patients (291\/338) said significant effort was associated with managing the diet*<\/li>\n<li>14% said they could not manage the diet independently<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><small>*Online questionnaire was voluntarily completed and submitted by adults with PKU or parents\/caregivers of children or adults unable to complete the survey themselves. The questionnaire was placed on the UK NSPKU website, Facebook, and Twitter accounts between November 9, 2017 and January 31, 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a32d9\" class=\"block wrapped-content bg-band bg-band-tertiary block-zero-bottom block-remove-bottom-padding\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a3483\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Limited adherence of adult patients to MNT is not always a choice<sup>3<\/sup><\/h2>\n<p>In many regions, reimbursement of special manufactured low-protein foods and protein substitutes\/medical foods remains an issue<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a36a7\" class=\"block cards cards-2-col bg-band bg-band-tertiary block-zero-top block-zero-bottom block-remove-top-padding\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a3c35\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                \n                                                                                                            <ul>\n<li>&#8220;Suboptimal access to dietary products generates inequality and high out-of-pocket costs&#8221;<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a3cb5\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                \n                                                                                                            <ul>\n<li>&#8220;When dietary products are insufficiently available, the ability to control blood Phe is beyond the willingness of the patient&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Increases the risk of impaired neurocognitive functioning that can affect employment and socioeconomic status and further limit access to care&#8221;<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7079a4989\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bg-band bg-band-white block-zero-top\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                <h2>Despite adhering to a Phe-restricted diet, blood Phe can remain uncontrolled for many adults with PKU<sup>11,12<\/sup><\/h2>\n<p>Even among patients who report dietary Phe restriction:<\/p>\n<p>Many can experience elevated blood Phe levels, underscoring the inadequacy of this approach.<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                                                                                                \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/diet_stats.png?v=0.89\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65df7a6dcb27a\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class=\"video-poster\">\n\t\t\t                            <a class=\"modal-video permitted\" href=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/834483510?autoplay=1\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/eric-1-2024-02-29-13h28m04s552-1500x844.jpg);\">Play<\/a>\n\t\t                            <\/div>\n                                    \n                                                                                                                    \n                                                                                                                \n\t\t                                                                            <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <p><strong>Eric: PKU Phe-restricted diet challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hear how Eric overcame Phe-restricted diet challenges<br \/>\nand got back to a new kind of PKU care.<\/p>\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <p><a class=\"button button-download\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Eric-PKU-Video-Transcript.pdf?v=0.89\" target=\"_blank\">View transcript<\/a><\/p>\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-65e09bf6844b6\" class=\"block wrapped-content block-zero-bottom\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-65e09bf6844d9\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Learn more about PKU<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-664286d7bfcfd\" class=\"block call-to-action call-to-action-no-overlay block-tight-top block-tight-bottom\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/03\/Screenshot-2024-03-12-at-16.59.18.png?v=0.89);\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content\">\n\t\t\t\t                            <div class=\"cta-image\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/2.1_Did-You-Know-Icon-card.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                        <\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content-main\">\n                        <div class=\"content-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t        <h2 class=\"h3\">Did You Know? The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommends management of PKU for life<sup>2<\/sup>\n<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                                <div class=\"content-block\">\n                                <p><a class=\"button button-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-us\/pku\/goals-of-management\/\" target=\"_self\">Learn more<\/a><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-664286d7bfd7e\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-664286d7bffdd\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <p><small><strong>References: 1.<\/strong>Rocha JC, MacDonald A. Dietary intervention in the management of phenylketonuria: current perspectives. <em>Pediatric Health Med<\/em> <em>Ther<\/em>. 2016;7:155-163. <strong>2.<\/strong> Vockley J, Andersson HC, Antshel KM, et al; American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Therapeutic Committee. Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: diagnosis and management guidelines. <em>Genet Med<\/em>. 2014;16(2):188-200. <strong>3.<\/strong> Rocha JC, Ahring KK, Ausel H, et al. Expert consensus on the long-term effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy and its impact on the outcomes of adults with phenylketonuria. <em>Nutrients.<\/em> 2023;15(18):3940. <strong>4.<\/strong> Lehman S. What to eat when you have PKU. Dietary recommendations for better management. <em>Verywell Health.<\/em> Updated July 12, 2023. Accessed December 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-the-pku-diet-2507160. <strong>5.<\/strong> van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, et al. The complete European guidelines of phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. <em>Orphanet J Rare Dis.<\/em> 2017;12(1):162. <strong>6.<\/strong> MacLeod EL, Ney DM. Nutritional management of phenylketonuria. <em>Ann Nestle (Engl)<\/em> 2010;68:58-69. doi:10:1159\/00312813.<strong> 7.<\/strong> US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service\/Food Data Central\/Food Search. <strong>8.<\/strong> Enns GM, Koch R, Brumm V, Blakely E, Suter R, Jurecki E. Suboptimal outcomes in patients with PKU treated early with diet alone: revisiting the evidence. <em>Mol Genet Metab<\/em>. 2010;101(2-3):99-109. <strong>9.<\/strong> Ford S, O\u2019Driscoll M, MacDonald A. Living with phenylketonuria: lessons from the PKU community. <em>Mol Genet Metab Rep<\/em>. 2018;17:57-63. <strong>10<\/strong>. van Spronsen FJ, van Wegberg AMJ, Ahring K, et al. Key European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with phenylketonuria. <em>Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol<\/em>. 2017;5(9):743-756. <strong>11.<\/strong> Trefz FK, van Spronsen FJ, MacDonald A, et al. Management of adult patients with phenylketonuria survey results from 24 countries. <em>Eur J Pediatr<\/em>. 2015;174(1):119-127. <strong>12.<\/strong> Levy H, Lamppu D, Anastosoaie V, et al. 5-year retrospective analysis of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia treated at two specialized clinics. <em>Mol Genet Metab<\/em>. 2020;129(3):177-185. <\/small><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":272,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-371","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PKU Phe-restricted Diet l Reduce Phe levels l Diet Challenges<\/title>\n<meta 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