{"id":19,"date":"2022-11-03T18:34:19","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T18:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achdsehcp-dev-001.azurewebsites.net\/en-us\/achondroplasia\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2024-02-26T11:41:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T11:41:54","slug":"impact","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/impact\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"overall-impact\" class=\"hero hero-no-overlay\">\n            <div class=\"hero-background-image hero-background-image-desktop\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/impact_hero@2x-2000x800.jpg);\"><\/div>\n\t    <div class=\"hero-background-image hero-background-image-mobile\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/impact_hero@2x-2000x800.jpg);\"><\/div>\n    \t<div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-content\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    <h1>Achondroplasia complications\n<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXP85421313 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP85421313 BCX0\">Although complications may resolve over time, anticipatory management may help mitigate serious, otherwise unexpected health <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP85421313 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP85421313 BCX0\">consequences. Explore the possible implications of achondroplasia below.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXP85421313 BCX0\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                <p class=\"inline-buttons\">\n                                                        <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"overall-impact\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994d2a\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Familiarise yourself with the affected systems<\/h2>\n<p>Short stature is a measurable characteristic of achondroplasia, and complications can develop as a result of impaired bone growth. This includes broader health implications such as delayed motor development, chronic otitis media, and sleep disordered breathing in childhood, and spinal stenosis, chronic pain, and mobility issues in adults, just to name a few.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<figure id=\"acf-block-64255db994d42\">\n    <div class=\"image image-align-left\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/body_images_labels.svg\" alt=\"Measurable characteristic of achondroplasia\" \/>            <\/div>\n    <\/figure>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994d57\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <p>While there is no impact on cognitive functioning, children with achondroplasia are faced with <strong>musculoskeletal, otolaryngological, neurological<\/strong> and <strong>spinal<\/strong> complications, some of which may require surgery to be corrected.<sup>1-3<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994d79\" class=\"block call-to-action\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content\">\n\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content-main\">\n                        <div class=\"content-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t        <h2 class=\"h3\">Make sure you\u2019re prepared\n<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t        <p>The most effective management of achondroplasia means anticipating specific complications at every stage of development.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                                <div class=\"content-block\">\n                                <p><a class=\"button button-ghost button-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/resources\/\" target=\"_self\">Hear from specialists<\/a><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"complications\" class=\"block wrapped-content block-zero-bottom\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994da0\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Common achondroplasia complications that may result in an individual&#8217;s lifetime<\/h2>\n<p>Keep these complications top-of-mind to help give families a perspective of what to watch out for<sup>2-9<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994db6\" class=\"block cards cards-3-col block-zero-top block-zero-bottom\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994dca\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Sleep disordered breathing\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Affects &gt;50% of people with achondroplasia<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994dde\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Genu varum (tibial bowing)\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Can affect walking and running<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994df0\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Symptomatic spinal stenosis\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Can lead to leg weakness, incontinence,\u00a0and chronic pain<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e02\" class=\"block cards cards-3-col block-zero-top block-zero-bottom\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e15\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Chronic pain\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Can result in loss of mobility<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e27\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Lumbar hyperlordosis\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>May require physical therapy<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e38\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Otitis media\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Affects up to 70% of children<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e4a\" class=\"block cards cards-3-col block-zero-top block-zero-bottom\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e5e\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Dental issues\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Crowded teeth and a narrow upper jaw may lead to a crossbite<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e70\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Elbow stiffness\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Limits range\u00a0of motion<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994e82\" class=\"card\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n        <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Obesity\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Can lead to high blood pressure or\u00a0heart\u00a0disease<\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"infants\" class=\"block wrapped-content block-tight-top\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994eb0\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h2>Achondroplasia complications over a lifetime<\/h2>\n<p>Although complications may resolve over time, anticipatory management may help mitigate serious, otherwise unexpected health consequences. Explore the below preparations that could be made to combat the effects of achondroplasia.<\/p>\n<h3>Infants<\/h3>\n<p>Impaired bone growth affects the entire body, and its impact on the size and shape of the foramen magnum can lead to cervicomedullary compression. This can put infants at risk for sudden death, making regular monitoring, management, and timely referrals crucial for this stage.<sup>2,3,7,10-16<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>It is important to keep an eye on complications that can quickly\u2014and quietly\u2014progress.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/02\/Achondroplasia-complications-by-age-group.pdf?v=0.54\">Download the Complication Timeline Resource<\/a><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994ee7\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bottom-border\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/12\/infants_icons.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <ul>\n<li><strong>Central sleep apnea<\/strong><br \/>\nCan contribute to learning and developmental delays<\/li>\n<li><strong>Delayed developmental milestones<\/strong><br \/>\nGross motor delays related to hypotonia and speech delays due to acute and chronic otitis media<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upper airway obstruction<\/strong><br \/>\nCan appear at any age, but is more frequent at younger ages<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypotonia<\/strong><br \/>\nCan delay motor skills<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recurrent otitis media<\/strong><br \/>\nMidface hypolasia, shortened Eustachian tubes, and a small pharynx may contribute to development. Can begin in infancy and lead to conductive hearing loss in the first year<\/li>\n<li><strong>Foramen magnum stenosis<\/strong><br \/>\nDiminished size of the cranial base can lead to sudden and fatal complications (cervicomedullary compression)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"toddlers\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994f16\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h3>Toddlers<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to the continued risk of sudden death due to cervicomedullary compression, toddlers may experience Achondroplasiadevelopmental delays and other complications that will require familial expectation-setting and potential surgical intervention.<sup>2,5,7,11-14,17-20<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994f45\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bottom-border\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/12\/toddlers_icons.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <ul>\n<li><strong>Upper airway obstruction<\/strong><br \/>\nCan appear at any age, but is more frequent at younger ages<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kyphosis<\/strong><br \/>\nExaggerated outward curve of the spine\u2014requires special attention to posture while sitting<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genu varum<\/strong><br \/>\nDisproportionate growth of the tibia and fibula can lead to tibial bowing, which is often progressive<\/li>\n<li><strong>Speech difficulties<\/strong><br \/>\nIncidence of delayed speech and problems in articulation occur in ~20% of children with achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recurrent otitis media<\/strong><br \/>\nMidface hypoplasia, shortened Eustachian tubes, and a small pharynx can begin in infancy and lead to conductive hearing loss<\/li>\n<li><strong>Foramen magnum stenosis<\/strong><br \/>\nDiminished size of the cranial base can lead to sudden and fatal complications (cervicomedullary compression)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"children\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994f7d\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h3>Children<\/h3>\n<p>Throughout their childhood, it\u2019s important to keep an eye out for otolaryngologic, respiratory, and\u00a0orthopedic issues that have the potential to delay developmental milestones if left untreated. Cognition is not\u00a0affected in most.<sup>2,7,13,19,20-24<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>At this age, the psychosocial impact of achondroplasia (depression, anxiety, isolation) can begin to impact school performance and social interaction.<sup>20,25<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994fb3\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bottom-border\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/12\/Children_Icons.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <ul>\n<li><strong>Psychosocial impact<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the emotional impact of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orthodontic issues<\/strong><br \/>\nDifferential growth of the cranial base can lead to malocclusion. Crowded teeth and a narrow upper jaw may lead to a crossbite<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lumbar hyperlordosis<\/strong><br \/>\nExaggerated curve at the top of the spine. May appear before age 5<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obesity<\/strong><br \/>\nDirectly linked to sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease later in life<\/li>\n<li><strong>Functional challenges<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the functional challenges of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genu varum<\/strong><br \/>\nDisproportionate growth of the tibia and fibula, which can lead to tibial bowing, is often progressive in childhood but can resolve with skeletal maturity. Often surgically corrected in childhood, but as many as 40% of adults with achondroplasia may still have significant tibial bowing which can contribute to pain<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduced muscle strength<\/strong><br \/>\nMay be significantly reduced in dorsal extensors of the wrist, hip flexors, knee extensors, and dorsal flexors of the foot, which can cause delayed developmental milestones such as gross motor delay<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sleep disordered breathing<\/strong><br \/>\nObstructive sleep apnea is the most common respiratory disorder in children with achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recurrent otitis media<\/strong><br \/>\nCan begin in infancy and lead to conductive hearing loss during childhood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"teenagers\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db994fe6\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h3>Teenagers<\/h3>\n<p>Teenage years are a time of great transition for everyone, and while certain medical complications may persist, the functional and emotional implications of living with achondroplasia may become more pronounced. Working with parents, caregivers, and teenagers to address all challenges holistically throughout this time is essential to promoting independence and strong self-esteem.<sup>2,5,7,25<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>Managing both the psychosocial impact and functional challenges of achondroplasia can help in making a smooth transition into adulthood, including higher education pursuits and establishing healthy social networks.<\/strong><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db995011\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bottom-border\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                                                                                                \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/12\/Teenagers_Icons.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <ul>\n<li><strong>Psychosocial impact<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the emotional impact of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lumbar spinal stenosis<\/strong><br \/>\nMost people with achondroplasia will deal with this to some degree\u2014surgical intervention is not always necessary<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chronic pain<\/strong><br \/>\nMay limit participation in social activities, ongoing education, and activities of daily life<\/li>\n<li><strong>Functional challenges<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the functional challenges of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Speech difficulties<\/strong><br \/>\nDelayed speech and problems with articulation remain constant during the adolescent years<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hearing impairments<\/strong><br \/>\nIncidence of hearing loss in children &lt;18 years with achondroplasia is ~25%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"adults\" class=\"block wrapped-content\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db99503c\" class=\"block-wysiwyg\">\n            <h3>Adults<\/h3>\n<p>As a person with achondroplasia reaches adulthood, some medical complications may resolve, but others may become more serious and life-threatening.\u00a0Facilitating a relationship between your patient and the other specialists in their care team is a crucial part of ongoing management. Anticipatory management of this lifelong impact can help mitigate its severity.<sup>2,3,7-9,17,26,27<\/sup><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db995065\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias block-zero-top block-tight-bottom\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                                                                                                \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image image-rounded\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/12\/Adult_Icons.svg\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                <ul>\n<li><strong>Psychosocial impact<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the emotional impact of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lumbar spinal stenosis<\/strong><br \/>\nCan lead to leg weakness, incontinence, and chronic pain<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mortality<\/strong><br \/>\nOver time, cardiovascular complications can lead to lower life expectancy<\/li>\n<li><strong>Osteoporosis<\/strong><br \/>\nLower bone mineral density (bone fragility) may result from decreased physical activity<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obesity<\/strong><br \/>\nOne of the most prevalent and critical factors in adulthood is obesity, which is directly linked to sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease<\/li>\n<li><strong>Functional challenges<\/strong><br \/>\nLearn more about the functional challenges of achondroplasia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db9950be\" class=\"block split-content equal-bias bg-band block-zero-top block-zero-bottom\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t                                                                <div class=\"content-block first-block\">\n                                                                                                <h2>Care must also consider functional challenges and psychosocial impact<\/h2>\n<p>Children with achondroplasia may face both functional and psychosocial challenges, especially as they enter school and transition into puberty. Setting expectations will better equip parents to support their child\u2019s needs.<sup>2,18,20<\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Communication milestones <\/strong>(words, sentences), learning, and performance at school can be impacted by speech delay due to hearing loss (otitis media) or the progressive impact of sleep apnea<sup>3,16<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Development milestones<\/strong> for gross and fine motor skills can be affected by length of fingers and trident shape of hands<sup>3,30<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Functional impairment<\/strong> can result in limited mobility and independence<sup>18<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Restricted access to body<\/strong> for bathing, toileting, and other personal care<sup>18,20<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Social participation<\/strong> may be hindered due to anxiety or diminished self-esteem and can contribute to isolation<sup>25<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Functional challenges<\/strong> are often overcome through environmental adaptations or special tools, such as pedal extenders for driving<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In achondroplasia, complications are not thought to affect cognitive development<sup>13,21<\/sup><\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                                            <div class=\"content-block second-block\">\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    \n                                    <figure>\n                                        <div class=\"image\">\n                                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/kid-doing-homework.png?v=0.122\" alt=\"A young boy with Achondroplasia sitting at a table doing homework\" \/>                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n                                                \t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db9950eb\" class=\"block call-to-action\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"box\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content\">\n\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta-content-main\">\n                        <div class=\"content-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t        <h2 class=\"h3\">Understanding a lifetime of management over time\n<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t        <p>Achondroplasia can be overwhelming if foreseeable complications are not properly planned for. It is important to coordinate care with a multidisciplinary team of specialists that proactively manages complications to ensure better patient outcomes.<sup>2,4<\/sup><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                                <div class=\"content-block\">\n                                <p><a class=\"button button-ghost button-download\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/02\/comprehensive-achondroplasia-care.pdf?v=0.54\" target=\"_blank\">Download your Care Team Worksheet<\/a><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db995101\" class=\"block cards cards-2-col\">\n\t<div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-title\">\n\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db99511b\" class=\"card card-fixed-button\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n    \t    \n\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/mother-with-child.jpg?v=0.122\" alt=\"mother sat reading with child with Achodroplasia\" \/>        \n\t    <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Managing Achondroplasia\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>Primary care providers can help to coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to care<\/p>\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"card-actions\">\n                            \n                            <p><a class=\"button button-text button-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/management\/\" target=\"_self\">Learn more about achondroplasia management<\/a><\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db995137\" class=\"card card-fixed-button\" data-muted-autoplay=\"false\">\n    \t    \n\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-image\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/Worksheet_Card.jpg?v=0.122\" alt=\"worksheet\" \/>        \n\t    <div class=\"card-content\">\n                            <h4>Your Care Team Worksheet\n<\/h4>\n        \n                                                                                                            <p>It is important to coordinate care with a multidisciplinary team of specialists that proactively manages complications<sup>2,4<\/sup><\/p>\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"card-actions\">\n                            \n                            <p><a class=\"button button-text\" href=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/02\/comprehensive-achondroplasia-care.pdf?v=0.54\" target=\"_blank\">Download your Care Team Worksheet<\/a><\/p>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db996cd3\" class=\"block boxed-content quiz block-tight-top block-tight-bottom\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"box\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz-question\">\n                    \t\t\t\t\t    <h2>Test your knowledge\n<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    <p>Referring patients to a mental health professional is likely not necessary prior to adulthood. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n                                            <div class=\"quiz-question-responses\">\n                                                                                                                                                            <a class=\"button button-ghost\" href=\"#\" data-correct-answer=\"false\">\n                                    True\n                                <\/a>\n                                                                                                                                                            <a class=\"button button-ghost\" href=\"#\" data-correct-answer=\"true\">\n                                    False\n                                <\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n                                            <div class=\"quiz-question-submit\">\n                            <p><a class=\"button\" href=\"#\">Submit<\/a><\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz-answer\" style=\"display:none;\">\n\t\t\t\t    \t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t    <p class=\"quiz-answer-choice\">You chose: %choice%\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t    <div class=\"split-content\">\n                            <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n                                    <div class=\"content-block\">\n                                                                                    <h2 class=\"correct\" style=\"display:none;\">Correct!\n<\/h2>\n                                        \n                                                                                    <h2 class=\"incorrect\" style=\"display:none;\">That\u2019s not it \u2013 The correct answer is %answer%\n<\/h2>\n                                        \n                                                                                    <p>In addition to addressing physical complications, patients should be referred to mental health professionals as appropriate, at any age. <sup>1,2<\/sup> <\/p>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"content-block\">\n                                                                                    <figure>\n                                                <div class=\"image\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/hcp.biomarin.com\/en-gb\/achondroplasia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/03\/Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_10.55.52-removebg-preview.png?v=0.122\" alt=\"\" \/>                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/figure>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                        <p class=\"references\">\n                            <a class=\"quiz-references-modal\" href=\"#quiz-references-modal\">References<\/a>\n                        <\/p>\n                        <div id=\"quiz-references-modal\" class=\"quiz-references white-popup-block mfp-hide\">\n                            <div class=\"box references\">\n                                <p><a class=\"modal-close\" href=\"#\">Close references<\/a><\/p>\n                                                                    <h2>References:\n<\/h2>\n                                                                <ol>\n                                                                                                                                                                                                        <li><span>Unger S, Bonaf\u00e9 L, Gouze E. Current Care and Investigational Therapies in Achondroplasia.\u202fCurr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15(2):53-60. doi:10.1007\/s11914-017-0347-2. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Nishimura N, Hanaki K. Psychosocial profiles of children with achondroplasia in terms of their short stature-related stress: a nationwide survey in Japan.\u202fJ Clin Nurs. 2014;23(21-22):3045-3056. doi:10.1111\/jocn.12531. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                            <\/ol>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db996d79\" class=\"block references\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n\t\t<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t    \t\t\t    <h4>References:\n<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                <ol>\n                                                                                                                        <li><span>Ireland PJ, Pacey V, Zankl A, Edwards P, Johnston LM, Savarirayan R. Optimal management of complications associated with achondroplasia. <em>Appl Clin Genet<\/em>. 2014;7:117-125. Published online June 24, 2014.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Hoover-Fong J, Scott CI, Jones MC; Committee on Genetics. Health supervision for people with achondroplasia. <em>Pediatrics<\/em>. 2020;145(6):e20201010. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Pauli RM. Achondroplasia: a comprehensive clinical review. <em>Orphanet J Rare Dis<\/em>. 2019;14(1):1.  \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Unger S, Bonaf\u00e9 L, Gouze E. Current care and investigational therapies in achondroplasia. <em>Curr Osteoporos Rep<\/em>. 2017;15(2):53-60.  \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Shirley ED, Ain MC. Achondroplasia: manifestations and treatment. <em>J Am Acad Orthop Surg<\/em>. 2009;17(4):231-241. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Ain MC, Abdullah MA, Ting BL, <em>et al<\/em>. Progression of low back and lower extremity pain in a cohort of patients with achondroplasia. <em>J Neurosurg Spine<\/em>. 2010;13(3):335-340. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Hunter AG, Bankier A, Rogers JG, Sillence D, Scott CI Jr. Medical complications of achondroplasia: a multicentre patient review. <em>J Med Genet<\/em>. 1998;35(9):705-712.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Hecht JT, Hood OJ, Schwartz RJ, Hennessey JC, Bernhardt BA, Horton WA. Obesity in achondroplasia. <em>Am J Med Genet<\/em>. 1988;31(3):597-602.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Fredwall SO, Maanum G, Johansen H, Snekkevik H, Savarirayan R, Lidal IB. Current knowledge of medical complications in adults with achondroplasia: a scoping review. Clin Genet. 2020;97(1):179-197. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Ednick M, Tinkle BT, Phromchairak J, Egelhoff J, Amin R, Simakajornboon N. Sleep-related respiratory abnormalities and arousal pattern in achondroplasia during early infancy. <em>J Pediatr<\/em>. 2009;155(4):510-515.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Hecht JT, Horton WA, Reid CS, Pyeritz RE, Chakraborty R. Growth of the foramen magnum in achondroplasia. <em>Am J Med Genet<\/em>. 1989;32(4):528-535.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Julliand S, Boul\u00e9 M, Baujat G, <em>et al<\/em>. Lung function, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia. <em>Am J Med Genet A<\/em>. 2012;158A(8):1987-1993. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Brinkmann G, Schlitt H, Zorowka P, Spranger J. Cognitive skills in achondroplasia. <em>Am J Med Genet<\/em>. 1993;47(5):800-804.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Tunkel D, Alade Y, Kerbavaz R, Smith B, Rose-Hardison D, Hoover-Fong J. Hearing loss in skeletal dysplasia patients. <em>Am J Med Genet A<\/em>. 2012;158A(7):1551-1555.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Horton WA, Hall JG, Hecht JT. Achondroplasia. <em>Lancet<\/em>. 2007;370(9582):162-172.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Ireland PJ, Johnson S, Donaghey S, <em>et al<\/em>. Developmental milestones in infants and young Australasian children with achondroplasia. <em>J Dev Behav Pediatr<\/em>. 2010;31(1):41-47.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Hecht JT, Francomano CA, Horton WA, Annegers JF. Mortality in achondroplasia. <em>Am J Hum Genet<\/em>. 1987;41(3):454-464.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Ireland PJ, McGill J, Zankl A, <em>et al<\/em>. Functional performance in young Australian children with achondroplasia. <em>Dev Med Child Neurol<\/em>. 2011;53(10):944-950. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Stanley G, McLoughlin S, Beals RK. Observations on the cause of bowlegs in achondroplasia. <em>J Pediatr Orthop<\/em>. 2002;22(1):112-116. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Wright MJ, Irving MD. Clinical management of achondroplasia. <em>Arch Dis Child<\/em>. 2012;97(2):129-134. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Galasso C, Siracusano M, El Malhany N, Cerminara C, Pitzianti M, Terribili M. Cognitive phenotype and language skills in children with achondroplasia. <em>Minerva Pediatr<\/em>. 2019;71(4):343-348.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Afsharpaiman S, Saburi A, Waters KA. Respiratory difficulties and breathing disorders in achondroplasia. <em>Paediatr Respir Rev<\/em>. 2013;14(4):250-255.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Takken T, van Bergen MW, Sakkers RJ, Helders PJ, Engelbert RH. Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, muscle strength, and physical activity in children and adolescents with achondroplasia. <em>J Pediatr<\/em>. 2007;150(1):26-30. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Lee ST, Song HR, Mahajan R, Makwana V, Suh SW, Lee SH. Development of genu varum in achondroplasia: relation to fibular overgrowth. <em>J Bone Joint Surg Br<\/em>. 2007;89(1):57-61.  \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Thompson S, Shakespeare T, Wright MJ. Medical and social aspects of the life course for adults with a skeletal dysplasia: a review of current knowledge. <em>Disabil Rehabil<\/em>. 2008;30(1):1-12. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Wynn J, King TM, Gambello MJ, Waller DK, Hecht JT. Mortality in achondroplasia study: a 42-year follow-up. <em>Am J Med Genet A<\/em>. 2007;143A:2502-2511. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Ta\u015fo\u011flu \u00d6, \u015eahin Onat \u015e, Yenigu\u0308n D, Do\u011fan Aslan M, Nakipo\u011flu GF, Ozgirgin N. Low bone density in achondroplasia. <em>Clin Rheumatol<\/em>. 2014;33(5):733-735. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Vivanti AJ, Cordier AG, Baujat G, Benachi A. Abnormal pelvic morphology and high cervical length are responsible for high-risk pregnancies in women displaying achondroplasia. <em>Orphanet J Rare Dis<\/em>. 2016;11(1):166.\n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Allanson JE, Hall JG. Obstetric and gynecologic problems in women with chondrodystrophies. <em>Obstet Gynecol<\/em>. 1986;67(1):74-78. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                                                                                                                <li><span>Legare JM. Achondroplasia. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, <em>et al<\/em>, eds. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. October 12, 1998 [Updated August 6, 2020]. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1152. \n<\/span><\/li>\n                                                            <\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"acf-block-64255db996f5e\" class=\"block print-page\">\n    <div class=\"wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n            <p><a class=\"button button-print\" href=\"#\">Print this page<\/a><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Achondroplasia Complications | Effects of 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